calibration criteria (maximize fit), experimental 
tests, and land use described. 
Hansen, Walter G., "How Accessibility Shapes 
Land Use", Journal of the American Institute of 
Planners, Volume XXV, Number 2 (May 1959), pp 
73-76 
Hypothetical accessibility model distributes future 
residential development to metropolitan zones. 
Accessibility defined and discussed. Empirical 
testing. The equations, parameters, and an illustra- 
tion are presented. 
Hill, Donald M., "A Growth Allocation Model for 
the Boston Region", Journal of the American Insti- 
tute of Planners, Volume XXXI, Number 2 (May 
1965), pp. 111-120 
Model forecasts population and employment using 
existing patterns of development, external forecasts 
policy changes. 1950-1960 data used for parameter 
estimation using simultaneous regression techniques 
2300 square miles of Boston Metropolitan Area, 29 
subregions. Calibration, validation and projected 
results included 
Irwin, N.A., "Review of Existing Land-Use Fore- 
casting Techniques", Highway Review Board Record, 
No. 88, pp. 187-189 
Chicago Area Transportation Model 
Judgment and mathematics employed to project pop- 
ulation, manufacturing employment, and major land 
uses. Curve fitting, plotting, accounting-type pro- 
cessing and extrapolations simulate Chicago-1980. 
Accuracy, procedure, and assumptions discussed 
Irwin, N.A., "Review of Existing Land-Use Fore- 
casting Techniques", Highway Review Board Record, 
No. 88, pp. 184-187 
Penn-Jersey Transportation Study 
Linear programming used to simulate residential 
development by maximizing aggregate rent paying 
ability subject to constraints. Household aging, 
migration, income changes and transportation costs 
utilized. Disaggregation extensive, data collection 
intense. Other submodels proposed 
Irwin, N.A., "Review of Existing Land-Use Fore- 
casting Techniques", Highway Review Board Record, 
No. 88, pp. 194-199 
RAND Model 
Research technique to study transportation - land- 
use linkage Functional relationships, flow chart and 
derivation of parameters presented. Six month 
periods. No calibrations or testing to date. Other 
RAND work described; locational rent functions, 
J.F. Kain’s papers. 
Lakshmanan, T.R., and Hansen, Walter G., "A 
Retail Market Potential Model", Journal of the 
American Institute of Planners, Volume XXXI, 
Number 2 (May 1965), pp. 134-143 
Retail trade centers in-Baltimore area selected using 
gravity model concept of sales potential, size and 
number, purchasing power and proximity of residents. 
Data requirements, outputs, criteria for evaluation, 
and results discussed 
3. Lamb, Donald D., Research of Existing Land Use 
Models, No. 1045 Pittsburgh, Southwestern Penn- 
sylvania Regional Planning Commission, March 1967, 
pp. 42-46 
Activities Allocation Model 
Six submodels: residential locating, residential space 
consumption, manufacturing locating, nonmanufac- 
turing locating, nonresidential space consumption 
and street area. Model uses 6 multiple regression 
equations to convert and allocate activities to 192 
districts in greater Philadelphia. Fifty minutes of 
IBM 7094 +ime needed to simulate a five-vear period 
Lamb, Donald D., Research of Existing Land Use 
Models, No. 1045 Pittsburgh, Southwestern Penn- 
sylvania Regional Planning Commission, March 1967, 
pp. 50-54 
Connecticut Land Use Model 
Model allocates growth to 169 towns covering 5.000 
square miles in Connecticut. Nine simultaneous 
equations describe shifts in employment and popula- 
tion. Ten-year projections made. Index of accessi- 
bility implicit. 1950 data base used 
15 
Lathrop, George T., and Hamburg, John R., "An 
Opportunity-Accessibility Model for Allocating 
Regional Growth", Journal of the American Institute 
of Planners, Volume XXXI, Number 2 (May 1965), 
pp. 95-103 
This opportunity-accessibility model tests policy by 
manipulating holding capacity, access and density 
while allocating residents to 200 square mile Buffalo 
area. Theoretical and empirical shortcomings re- 
cognized, output given to traffic assignment model. 
Developed and tested by New York State Department 
of Public Works 
16 
Lowry, Ira S., A Model of Metropolis, RM-4035-RC, 
Santa Monica, California, The RAND Corporation, 
August 1964 
"Instant metropolis" created using basic, retail and 
household sectors. Structural equations presented 
along with derivation, calibration, and testing of 
gravity principle allocation rule. Density constraints, 
iterative procedures, inputs, outputs for 420 square 
mile Pittsburgh area, and the author’s appraisal 
included 
Niedercorn, John H., An Econometric Model of 
Metropolitan Employment and Population Growth, 
RM-3758-RC, Santa Monica, California, The RAND 
Corporation, October 1963 
Metropolitan employment (manufacturing, whole- 
saling, retailing, etc.) and population, forecast for 
ten-year periods. Three zones (SMSA, central city, 
metropolitan ring). Parameters estimated using cross- 
section data from 41 SMSA’s. Several "partial" 
theories, Inputs, assumptions, predictive power 
(coefficients of determination), and conclusions pre- 
sented. 
18. 
O’ Block, Robert P., "An Economic Model for Low- 
Cost Housing Projects, Program and Policy Evalua- 
tion", Proceedings of Association for Computing 
Machinery Symposium on the Application of Com- 
puters for the Problems of Urban Society, New York 
City, October 1969 
ARCH+ 2 (1969) H.8