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ORIGIN AND PROGRESS OF THE WORK AT IL
FOREWORD
Frei Otto
THE COLLOQUIUM
= Introduction
- The work of the theme
- The participants of this colloquium
Origin of the dialog
A taboo

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PART I
THE STRUCTURAL SYSTEM PNEU

Frei Otto
INTRODUCTION AND TERMS
Frei Otto
THE STRUCTURAL SYSTEM PNEU
Envelope - Filling - Medium
Loading Capacity
Envelope
Filling
Structural Form
Dimensions
Surface
Basic Geometrical forms
Voluminous forms resting on
surfaces
Cushions
Sails
Tubes
Constrictions
Nets
Pressure rings
Inner bracings
Inner struttings
Compound forms
Influences of dead weight
Folds
Instability
Pneus with negative pressure
Pneumatic motion systems
Manufacturing processes
Solidifications
Stiffening of the envelope
Stiffening under negative pressure

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Forces and stresses
Limit of loading capacity
Other stresses
Unexpected stresses

Eda Schaur, Klaus Bach
PICTURES OF PNEUS IN NATURE
AND TECHNICS
- Envelope - Filling - Medium
- Basic forms
- Voluminous forms on surfaces
Cushions
Sails
Tubes
Consfrictions
Nets
Bracings
Struttings
Compound forms
Dead weight influence
Folds
Negative pressure
Motion systems
Stiffenings
Complex systems
Loading capacity
Soap bubble experiments

PART 2
PNEUS IN LIVING NATURE AND
THEIR EVOLUTION

Johann-Gerhard Helmcke
THE BIOLOGICAL PNEU - lis origin, Forming
significance, and Functional Morphological
Variations during the phylogenetic and
individual Development
At the Beginning there was the pneu
The Pneu of the 2nd Order: The cell
The Pneu of the 3rd Order: The tissue.
Pneus of the 4th and 5th Orders:
The Organs and Bodies of Plants
Pneus of the 4th and 5th Orders:
Organs and Bodies of Animals
Outline of a possible Genealogy of
unctional Shapes with the Pneu as
‘nitial Form

45 J. Bereiter-Hahn
46 IS THE CELL A PNEU ?
47 - The cell membrane as a non-rigid
47 membrane of a pneu
"Cortical plasma" as a non-rigid membrane
Sea urdin egg
Movements of the amoeba (Amoeby proteur)

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Rainer Schill
PNEUMATIC STRUCTURES IN BOTANY
= Introduction
- Discussion and Examples
- Outlook

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Wolfgang Friedrich Gutmann
BIOTECHNICAL ANALYSIS OF LOWER
METAZOAN SYSTEMS
= Introduction .
- The laws of construction of the
hydrostatic skeletons
The muscles and their characteristics
Assembly of muscular connective tissues
Filling, volume stability and muscles
The arrangement of collagen fibres
The phylogenetic model for the appearence
of tube construction
Types of structures
Lattice structures
Tubular structures
The longitudinal muscle tube
The longitudinally stiffened tube
The unsegmented circumferential
muscle tube
The segmental hydrostatic skeleton
structure
%eudometameric segmentation
lentacle systems
Structure and performance
= Stiffenings
= Remarks on the discussion

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Werner Nachtigall
"“PNEUS" - EXAMPLES FROM ZOOLOGY
- Systems with form-giving Terminal
Membranes
Systems with additional form-giving
external structures
Stability of form through increased
inner pressure

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