Verfassungen, Grundordnungen des Polytechnikums, der Technischen Hochschule und Universität Stuttgart: Technische Hochschule Stuttgart. Privatdozentenordnung 1924

Biologie und Bauen Teil 1 = Biology and Building Part 1 (IL3, 1971)

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Persistenter Identifier:: 1559649927591

Titel:: Verfassungen, Grundordnungen des Polytechnikums, der Technischen Hochschule und Universität Stuttgart

Strukturtyp:: Zeitschrift

Sammlung:: Zentrale Quellen zur Universitätsgeschichte

Lizenz:: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Band

Persistenter Identifier:: 1559649927591_A1924_1

Titel:: Technische Hochschule Stuttgart. Privatdozentenordnung 1924

Jahrgang/Band:: 1924

Erscheinungsjahr:: 1924

Sprache:: deutsch

Strukturtyp:: Band

Standort:: Universitätsarchiv Stuttgart

Signatur:: verschiedene Signaturen

Lizenz:: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Sammlung:: Zentrale Quellen zur Universitätsgeschichte

Kapitel

Titel:: Probevortrag und Besprechung

Strukturtyp:: Kapitel

This example reveals certain features of social behavior and certain mechanisms which charaterize society: |. Critical situations in the society no longer affect just the individual but rather the whole community. 2. In a eritical situation, a solution is found for the community (for all individuals and not just for selected ones). 3. Critical situations (which in the last analysis are always caused by population increases within the given area) are handled by technical or organizational steps always keeping the community in mind. 4. With the solution of every critical situation - into which the society is forced because of increase in the number of participating individuals = the society reaches a new level of existence: room for more individuals is created. 5. The society is capable of handling several critical situations of this type. 6. After having survived several critical situations, the society finally ends in a catastrophe. All individuals are lost. 3. THE SOCIETY OF THE FIELD MOUSE The example of the Halichondria sea sponge confirmed a sessile (stationary) society for which the effective space factor in the face of increasing population within the society was obvious from the outset. The field mouse society, on the other hand, includes members which are vagile (mobile). Here again we note how critical situations arise due to population increase and how they are solved with various organizational measures, how the population increases in a new state of existance and so on until a certain critical situation can no longer be solved by the society and catastrophe arrives in the form of mass death. The various stages which a field mouse society goes through from founding to dissolution are as follows: |. The female field mice select a territory which they defend against other field mice and build a nest for the offspring. 2. With increasing settlement density, the female animals lay claim to smaller territories. more slowly (due to the lower population growth). In this case there is no catastrophe but the society “alls apart due to loss of members. 3. If the settlement density continues to increase, the females form common territories and nests and cooperate ‘n the raising of the offspring. 4. If the number of individuals in the society still continues to increase (and therefore the.density within the settled area), the fertility of the females begins to decrease ~ instead of litters of 12 to 14 they bear Figure 7 is a diagram of a special and often-used social only 3 fo 4 offspring. measure among animals: the swarming or migration of individual groups at the appropriate time (e.g. among 5. In this stage, the critical density is finally reached; the bees). The continuously increasing population the settlement as a whole with practically all individuals pressure is relieved by having part of the society leave collapses with all the symptoms of a stress situation Theoretically this gives the society permanence and it ‘hypoglycemic shock). The society comes to a never faces a final catastrophe due to population catastrophic end. increase, 4. DIAGRAMS Figure 8 shows a diagram of the normal case for many societies: the society, firmly embedded in a certain living community, experiences continuous loss of individuals from outside which, in the expanded society of the fourth stage of existence is so large that while the society maintains its stock of individuals, it no _onger increases and thus never reaches the [ast inconguerable critical situation to end in catastrophe The two examples of animal societeis (Halichondria sea sponge and field mice) could be supplemented with many other examples. Basically they all reveal the same phenomenon: With continuously increasing population density within the society there is a series of existence stages separated by successfully solved by technical or organizational steps) critical situations; he whole cycle ends with an insolvable critical situation. The terminal event is catastrophic and affects the whole society. The number of solvable critical situations is fixed for each species of social animal . Here are some diagrams which elucidate and generalize these facts and vary them under certain conditions: Figure 3 shows the principle involved: Here we see a society which is able to solve four critical situations arising from continuous population increase; the fifth situation brings catastrophe. Figure 4 shows the same society with very favorable external circumstances: the four stages of existence fo. this species come and go faster (due to the faster and larger growth rates), catastrophe comes sooner (after fewer units of time: vertical scale). Figure 5 shows the same society with poorer external circumstances. The four stages of existence proceed 1A 97°

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fullscreen: Biologie und Bauen Teil 1 = Biology and Building Part 1 (IL3, 1971)

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