ARCH+: Zeitschrift für Architektur und Urbanismus: ARCH+ : Studienhefte für architekturbezogene Umweltforschung und -planung

ARCH+ : Studienhefte für architekturbezogene Umweltforschung und -planung (1969, Jg. 2, H. 5-8)

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Zeitschrift

Persistenter Identifier:: 1571051867188

Titel:: ARCH+: Zeitschrift für Architektur und Urbanismus

Erscheinungsort:: Aachen

Erscheinungsverlauf:: 1.1968-

Signatur:: Archiv IGMA; Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Grundlagen moderner Architektur und Entwerfen

Strukturtyp:: Zeitschrift

Sammlung:: Zeitschriften

Lizenz:: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/

Band

Persistenter Identifier:: 1571051867188_1969

Titel:: ARCH+ : Studienhefte für architekturbezogene Umweltforschung und -planung

Jahrgang/Band:: 1969, Jg. 2, H. 5-8

Erscheinungsjahr:: 1969

Sprache:: deutsch

Strukturtyp:: Band

Standort:: Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Grundlagen moderner Architektur und Entwerfen

Lizenz:: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/

Sammlung:: Zeitschriften

Ausgabe

Titel:: Heft 7: Alternativen der Planung, Entscheidungsmodelle - zur Theorie der Praxis

Strukturtyp:: Ausgabe

Artikel

Titel:: Soft Architecture

Autor:: Brodey, Warren M.

Strukturtyp:: Artikel

Warren M. Brodey SOFT ARCHITECTURE The Design of Intelligent Environments Walking to work this morning | remembered the white- gloved policeman who is now replaced by computer- timed, radio-controlled traffic lights. All lights used to be of equal duration, regardless of the hour or the traffic load. They were "stupid" in the days before ac- tual flow was fed back to change stop light duration. Flow projections and intelligent guessing are necessary features of our newer computer-controlled traffic systems: necessary for the speed and density of flow now common, for example, in subways. Nevertheless, this intelligence of the subway system and a multitude of other similar computer-controlled systems is still like the automated control of a well run insect colony whose program for behavior leads them to compute approximately the same course of action repetitively, with little creative effort on their part to evolve a pur- poseful behavior. When should this regulation which provides survival be called intelligence? I wonder if a man from the 17th Century looking at our present world would say that we had an intelligent environment. Would he be able to say that our environment was able to con- trol itself more intelligently than his? The concept of an intelligent environment softened by a gentle control which stands in place of steel bones and stone muscles is refreshing. A dam that senses impending flood and uses intelligence to prepare itself would not need be so ponderous. To date we have not endowed our environment with this creative flexibility; the intelli- gence we have commonly achieved is uncreative, stupid and in large measure hostile’to human well-being. We have allowed hard shell machines to multiply and control us. Man is a captive of his increasingly automated me- chanical environment. This process we have accepted ever since the early days of the industrial revolution, not imagining any other possibility. We have accepted the proposition that in order to use the power which machines deliver economically, we must restrict ourselves to the limited human behaviors that the machines can accept as meaningful control. One must steer by turning the stee- ring wheel in the prescribed way regardless of one’s body size, fatigue or personal style. Human behavior is mass produced by the power delivering tools man has learned to depend upon. As we have created more and more power we have felt Wir übernehmen diesen Artikel aus LANDSCAPE (Autumn 1967) als einen Beitrag zur Bestimmung der Begriffe der Arıpaßbarkeit und der Anpassungsfähig- keit, Das Problem der Erzeugung einer anpaßbaren bzw. anpassungsfähigen physischen Umwelt wird untersucht in seinem kybernetischen Aspekt. Der Artikel scheint uns aber auch geeignet, zur Diskussion anzuregen über die gesellschaftspolitischen Aspekte der Umweltgestal- tung bzw. Programmierung in ihren direkteren und in- direkteren Formen. Insbesondere scheint uns die Frage wichtig, welche Bedingungen gegeben sein oder zuerst geschaffen werden müssen, damit der Übergang zu in- direkteren Formen der Gestaltung der physischen Um- welt nicht emanzipationshemmend wirkt, damit nicht bestehende sozio-ökonomische Abhängigkeiten lediglich auf subtilere Weise kontrolliert und so eher verfestigt als abgebaut werden. Red. the iron gloves, which at first protected our hands from work, gradually thicken to protect us from touching the world around us. The teenagers search for a way back to "contact". But we cannot go forward by destroying the past. When man adapted for survival against a na- tural environment over which he had little control, he evolved; now men must evolve against the pollution of environment produced by our own progress. What is the solution? Evolution now must include evolv- ing environments which evolve man, so that he in turn can evolve more propitious environments in an ever quickening cycle. To stabilize the capacity we need to characterize this evolutionary dialogue. This character- ization is increasingly being seen as the unsolved pro- blem of our time. It is familiar to designers and architects in the student’s question: "How do you design a house which will grow to meet the changes in the family that the house itself will produce?" No man as yet knows the solution, but we can seek at least to clarify the question; a question well defined provides the beginning of its answer. A decade ago Rosenbleuth, Weiner and Bigelow wrote their historic paper, "Behavior, Purpose and Teleology This ushered in cybernetic thinking. Their conception considered a thing and its environment in terms of their mutual relation. It defined behavior of the inanimate and animate within one frame of reference. The cate- gories of behavior defined in that paper are a valuable start for developing a common notation for the design of intelligent environments. Rosenbleuth, Weiner and Bigelow separated active be- havior from passive behavior - behavior in which the object behaving is not a source of energy - as an object thrown. They subdivided active behavior into purposeful and non-purposeful. The latter is not directed to a goal, whereas the former is. If we decide, for example, to take a glass of water and carry it to our mouth we do not command certain muscles to contract to a certain degree and in a certain sequence; we merely trip the purpose and the reaction follows automatically. Although a gun may be used for a definite purpose, the attainment of a goal is not intrinsic to its performance. Some machines, on the other hand, are intrinsically purposeful. A ARCH+ 2 (1969) H. 7

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