Chemical news and Journal of physical science: Chemical news and Journal of physical science

Crookes, William

Chemical news and Journal of physical science (Volume 35, 1877 (January - June))

Bibliografische Daten

Zeitschrift

Persistenter Identifier:: 1695194465359

Titel:: Chemical news and Journal of physical science

Erscheinungsort:: London

Erscheinungsverlauf:: 18XX

Strukturtyp:: Zeitschrift

Sammlung:: Zeitschriften

Lizenz:: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/deed.de

Persistenter Identifier:: 1695194465359

Titel:: Chemical news and Journal of physical science

Erscheinungsort:: London

Erscheinungsverlauf:: 18XX

Strukturtyp:: Zeitschrift

Sammlung:: Zeitschriften

Lizenz:: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/deed.de

Band

Persistenter Identifier:: 1695194465359_35_1877

DOI:

Titel:: Chemical news and Journal of physical science

Herausgeber:: Crookes, William

Jahrgang/Band:: Volume 35, 1877 (January - June)

Erscheinungsjahr:: 1877

Sprache:: English

Strukturtyp:: Band

Standort:: Universitätsbibliothek Stuttgart

Signatur:: XIX/98.8-35/36,1877

Lizenz:: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/deed.de

Sammlung:: Zeitschriften

Persistenter Identifier:: 1695194465359_35_1877

DOI:

Titel:: Chemical news and Journal of physical science

Herausgeber:: Crookes, William

Jahrgang/Band:: Volume 35, 1877 (January - June)

Erscheinungsjahr:: 1877

Sprache:: English

Strukturtyp:: Band

Standort:: Universitätsbibliothek Stuttgart

Signatur:: XIX/98.8-35/36,1877

Lizenz:: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/deed.de

Sammlung:: Zeitschriften

Ausgabe

Titel:: No. 901 (March 2, 1877)

Strukturtyp:: Ausgabe

Titel:: No. 901 (March 2, 1877)

Strukturtyp:: Ausgabe

Marni} Solubility of Ether in Aqueous Hydrochloric Acid, ] 87. ' constant for any given temperature. The experiments T H E C H E M I C A L N E Ww S were made with a closely-stoppered graduated tube, in * which was added to a known volume of the acid a few volumes more ether than jt was able to dissolve at the lowest "temperature employed. The mixture was then cooled down to the required temperature and hoo at this for an hour, during which time the tube was frequently briskly shaken, and the volume of ether dissolved was then noted. In this way were obtained the results stated in the following table, in which the second and fourth columns give the number of volumes of ether dissolved by 100 volumes of hydrochloric acid, sp. gr. 1:16, at the corresponding temperature in the first and third columns ;m Temperature Vols. of Ether Centigrade. Dissolved. — 16° 18=0 I 75 =2'5 +700 2970 Vor. XXXV. No. QoI. 1 av unable to find that the fa& of the considerable solu bility of ether in aqueous hydrochloric acid js one gene. rally known. It is not mentioned in any of the more modern works on chemistry, and the only reference to it is, as far as I know, made by Gmelin,} who says—*“ It" —ether—¢ likewise dissolves in aqueous hydrochloric acid without producing chloride of ether,”—a statement which is referred to Boullay. The experiments which I have made in this dire@ion will be beter understood in the light of a preliminary note on the solubility of ether in other liquids. The following are the results of severa, independent observations :—In saturated solution of cal cium chloride ether is apparently quite insoluble, Distilled water at 11° C. dissolves, in 100 volumes, 10-volumes of ether. This solubility in water is quite in accordance with results hitherto obtained, but it is customary to state the converse case—i.e¢., the solubility of water in ether— as I in 10, which is much greater than it really is. Asthe mean result of five experiments I have found that 100 volumes of ether at 12° C. dissolve 2 volumes of water. The error has obviously arisen in the use of ether not absolutely free from alcohol, . The ether employed in my experiments was found to have at 14° C, the density of 0725, but there is sufficient experimental difficulty in determining the weight of se volatile and expansible a fluid to prevent my attaching any considerable value to this figure. The “ether was, however, shaken with finely-divided acetate of rosaniline, and, as this did not communicate the least tint to it, it was concluded that it did not contain alcohol, For water it was tested by the immersion of bibulous paper saturated with alcoholic” cobait chloride and then dried. “This re. mained blue after twenty-four hours' contact.} The aqueous hydrochloric acid was the strongest that I could conveniently work with. It had a specific gravity of 1196 at 14° and examined volumetrically was found to contain 38°52 per cent by weight of real acid, Even at this strength it emits dense fumes when exposed tc the air. When equal volumes of the ether and hydrochloric acid just described are mixed together, immediate solution of the ether takes place, the temperature of the mixture at the same time rising considerably. There is also contraction of volume. When 50 volumes of ether and 50 volumes of acid are employed, the resulting solution, when cooled to the temperature which the liquids had before mixing, measures but 95 volumes, and at 14° C. has a specific gravity of 1.010. The solution flows like a thin oil, fumes in the air, is perfectly transparent, and remains so whether cooled to 0” or heated to 38°, But hydrochloric acid of 3852 per cent will dissolve much more than its own volume of anhydrous ether. In a very early stage of my experiments it became evident that the quantity which it is capable of taking up bears an inverse ratio to the temperature; and that the volume of ether dissolved ig at the ordinary atmospheric pressure Temperature Vols. of Ether Centigrade, Dissolved. 16° 1625 or® 157°5 27° 1500 32° 1425 8° 1350 Thus, while at 0° C., 100 volumes of this acid dissolve 177°5 volumes ether; at 38° C. 135 volumes only are dis. solved. Or by weight, 100 parts hydrochloric acid dis. solve at the lower temperature 107°5 parts ether, and at the higher but 818 parts. So that the capacity of hydrochloric acid of this strength for ether is nearly one-third (314 per cent) greater at the freezing-point of water than at 38°C. (100° F.) TI cannot recal an instance of so great a difference between the relation of solubility to temperature in the case of any two other fluids. If the solution, saturated at any given terperature, be heated to a temperature higher than this, it at once becomes turbid from the separation of ether, and when the liquid is contained in a thin tube the contact of the warm hand is sufficient to produce in a few seconds complete opacity in a solution which, at the temperature of the laboratory, was quite transparent. If a sealed tube containing the ether solution and excess of ether, first cooled (say in melting ice), then shaken, and the volume of unabsorbed ether noted, be suspended in a warn room, ether continues to separate in very minute bubbles until the liquid has attained the temperature of the surrounding air. When the tube is once more cooled to o° without agitation, the liberated ether, being so much lighter than the solution, is not taken up again even afer forty-eight hours, but on the tube being briskly shaken it is at once dissolved. The increase of temperature at the moment of solution is considerable, being, with 10 c.c. of acid and 17 c.c, of ether, from 11° to 35° (i.e., 22°5° C.). No chemical combination takes place: the ether is simply dissolved by the acid, and can be separated by simple dilution with water. Thus 5 volumes of a solution (= 3 volumes ether) gave, on addition of 5 volumes of water, 2 volumes ether. By distillation nearly all the ether may be recovered. Two experiments were made in -his direction, and in each case I7 c.c. ether were obtained from a solution which —calculating from the temperature at which it was raturated—contained 19 c.c, The solvent power of aqueous hydrochloric acid for ether is directly proportional to the strength of the acid. Thus the acid of 38°52 per cent, which I have used in my experiments, dissolves at 16° C., in 100 volumes, 167 vols, of ether, while the acid of the British Pharmacopceia, containing 31'8 per cent HCI, dissolves at the same tem perature but 125 volumes. Tt should be noted that absolute ether dissolves hydrochloric acid from the aqueous acid. The acid of 38:52 per cent was agitated for some time with excess of ether, the temperature being 12° C. The Supernatant ether wag then removed with a pipette, and-its contained chlorine determined by an alcoholic solution of silver nitrate. It was found to contain chlorine equal to 2°409 per cent of real hvdrochloric acid. * Read at the Meeting of the Pharmaceutical Society of Ireland February §, 1879. + * Handbook,” vol. viii., P. 150. t Much of the * anhydrous” ether of commerce reddens cobalt pape: tt once, and is itself very soon tinged by the rosaniline salt.

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