Chemical news and Journal of physical science: Chemical news and Journal of physical science

Crookes, William

Chemical news and Journal of physical science (Volume 38, 1878 (July - December))

Bibliografische Daten

Zeitschrift

Persistenter Identifier:: 1695194465359

Titel:: Chemical news and Journal of physical science

Erscheinungsort:: London

Erscheinungsverlauf:: 18XX

Strukturtyp:: Zeitschrift

Sammlung:: Zeitschriften

Lizenz:: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/deed.de

Persistenter Identifier:: 1695194465359

Titel:: Chemical news and Journal of physical science

Erscheinungsort:: London

Erscheinungsverlauf:: 18XX

Strukturtyp:: Zeitschrift

Sammlung:: Zeitschriften

Lizenz:: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/deed.de

Band

Persistenter Identifier:: 1695194465359_38_1878

DOI:

Titel:: Chemical news and Journal of physical science

Herausgeber:: Crookes, William

Jahrgang/Band:: Volume 38, 1878 (July - December)

Erscheinungsjahr:: 1878

Sprache:: englisch

Strukturtyp:: Band

Standort:: Universitätsbibliothek Stuttgart

Signatur:: XIX/98.8-37/38,1878

Lizenz:: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/deed.de

Sammlung:: Zeitschriften

Persistenter Identifier:: 1695194465359_38_1878

DOI:

Titel:: Chemical news and Journal of physical science

Herausgeber:: Crookes, William

Jahrgang/Band:: Volume 38, 1878 (July - December)

Erscheinungsjahr:: 1878

Sprache:: englisch

Strukturtyp:: Band

Standort:: Universitätsbibliothek Stuttgart

Signatur:: XIX/98.8-37/38,1878

Lizenz:: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/deed.de

Sammlung:: Zeitschriften

Ausgabe

Titel:: No. 976 (August 9, 1878)

Strukturtyp:: Ausgabe

Titel:: No. 976 (August 9, 1878)

Strukturtyp:: Ausgabe

poet 5. 1876, | ‘Chemical Notices from Foreign Sources, 69 tte A i oh impel ei et —_— Save attending its isolation from yttrium, with which it is found * indium and thallium. If, however, the experimental associated in nature. According to some chemists, the determination of the atomicity of gallium pass through the atomic weight of erbium is 1126, which, in relation to same stages as the atomicities of indium, yttrium, and 177, is nearly in the ratio of 5 to 8. The more recent other members of the series, its atomic weight will be researches of M. Cleve on the quantivalence of this represented by the sub-multiple and proportional numbers element have, however, raised its atomic weight to 48 and 72.% t70°55* which, considering the wide difference between it (To be continued). and the previous determination, is a near approximation to the number in the table, The researches of the same chemist have also raised the atomic weight of yttrium from 61°7, the accepted determination, to 89's, or threefourths the calculated value. Now the history of chemical science abundantly shows that it is only after long and repeated investigation that the highest quantivalence of an element can be ascertained, and the result of M. Cleve’s researches is a further confirmation of the correctness of the atomic weights of yttrium and erbium given in the table. By comparing the ele@ro-positive members of the series Hn with those of Han, it will be seen that a com. plete parallelism exists between them ; the light alkaline, and alkaline earth metals alternating with the heavy members in homologous positions in both series. Odling has already indicated that this is the natural order of the dissimilar members of the zinco-calcic group of elements, } and similar alternations in other natural groups have been recognized in the arrangement of elements proposed by Mr. Newlands and Mendeleeff.| Just as Cu=62, Ag=108, and x=154, alternate with Rb=8s, Cs=131, and x=177, in the series Hx ; and Zn=64, Cd=112, and x =160, alternate with Sr=88, Ba=136, and x ==184 ; so in the series H3n, do x==69, Yt=123, and Eb=1%7, alternate with x=g6, In=150, and Tl=204. Again, just as K, Rb, Cs, and x=154, are analogues of each other in the series Hun, so are x =42, x=g6, In, and Tl, analogues of each other in the series H3n, and are in homologous positions with the alkaline and alkaline earth metals in the series Hn and Han. The specific gravities of analogous members of these two series, except glucinum, which is anomalous, increase in the order of their atomic weight, and so far as the specific gravities of the members of the series H3n have been ascertained, they follow the same order. Now M. Lecoq de Boisbaudran has shown that the new metal which he has discovered, and named gallium, § is, from its spectral reacions and other properties, the analogue of indium and thallium, The position of the new metal in the series H3n should therefore be either — =42, homologous with Ca, and K, or— =g6, homologous with Sr and Rb. In comparing the alkaline metals of the series Hu, the specific gravity of sodium (0'g7), as will be seen, is greater than that of potassium (0°86), although Na has a less atomic weight ; and the same inversion of specific gravities in relation to atomic weights is observable in their homologues of position Mg (sp. gr. 1°74), and Ca (sp. gr. 1°58), in the series Hzn. It may therefore be assumed that the missing member x =42, H3n, would have a less specific gravity than Al (sp. gr. 2's56); probably 2:5. Now, the specific gravity of gallium, as determined by M. Lecoq de Boisbaudran, "is 59,9 and its analogues indium and thallium have specific gravities of 7°42, and 119 respectively, consequently x=42z is not gallium, If gallium were #=6g it would be the analogue of Y, E, and I'b, and homologous in position with Zn and Cu, whereas it has been shown to be the analogue of In and Tl and homologous in position with Sr and Rb, There is then no other place for a metal having the physical properties of gallium but the one assigned to it in the series H3n, with the atomic weight=g6, and forming a triad with * Bull. Société Chimique de Pari iy 344, 1874. I “ Watts, Dic. Chem” ape vol, So Classifization of Metals, } Curm, Nrws, vol. xii., 83; vol, xiii, 118. | Die periodische Gesetzmifsigkeit der chemischen elemente an Crim ga Suppl. Band, viii., 133—229, 1873; Phil. Mag.. § Comptes Rendu s i § phapis Re Wiis, Selina or 403) 1000, 3664 Second Annual Report of the Inspector and Assayer of Liquors to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Boston: A. J. Wright. {T appears that of the samples of liquors submitted to chemical examination about 33 per cent were either of very inferior quality and were more or less adulterated. The tabulated analytical report gives in connection with every sample the name of the vendor. A very large majority of the liquors examined were ardent spirits, very few samples of wines or malt-liquors having been taken, The adulterants discovered are neither novel nor interesting, consisting as a rule of water, with sugar, colouringmatters, and in one case methylic alcohol. The nine samples of beer and ale analysed were found free from zocculus indicus, strychnia, and picric acid, or * any other bitter except that of hops and malt.” One sample of native American wine, “ California claret,” has been :xamined : it contains g'z per cent of alcohol and the solid residue, 114 per cent, consists merely of vegetable acids and astringents naturally derived from the grape. No magenta or other artificial colouring matter was present. Guide to the Literature of the Dairy and of Cattle-keeping in General. (‘ Fihrer durch die Literatur iiber Milchwirthschaft und Molkereiwesen, Butter und Kaesefabrikation sowie Rindviehzucht iiberhaupt.”) Leipzig: H. Voigt. AN alphabetical catalogue of works on the above subjects. CHEMICAL NOTICES FROM FOREIGN SOURCES. Note.—All degrees of temperature are Centigrade, unless otherwite expressed, Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances, de Académie des Sciences. No. 3, July 15, 1878. Remarks Concerning the Influence of Atmospheric Eledricity of Low Tension upon Vegetation.—M. Berthelot.—Referring to M. Grandeau’s paper “ On the (nfluence of Atmospheric Elediicity upon the Nutrition of Plants” (Comptes Rendus, Ixxxvii,, No. 2), the author recalls the analogy of the result with his own experiments on the formation of nitrogenous matters under the influence of atmospheric electricity. Hitherto in agricultural chemistry there has been understood under the name of atmospheric electricity merely the formation of nitric and aitrous acids and théir ammoniacal salts, produced by ihe passage of lightning, without having any idea of the dire& reacions which may come into play between # From a calcination of the gallo-ammoniacal alum, M. Lecoq de Boisbaudran has Teceily found for gallium the equivalent 70°03, and from a calcination of the nitrate, 6g:6—(Comptes Rendus, April 15, 1878.) The researches of M. Berthelot on the specific heat of gallium indicate, however, a higher equivalent for the metal than 70°03, as the atomic heat calculated from this determination (5'52 solid) is bse than that of any other metal except aici Ibid, April 15th I

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