Form changes through the change of
surface characteristics
“orm changes through increase in volume
Jressure driven swelling and extension
aquipment
“ast reaction systems: jumping spiders
Membrane enveloped individual systems
Multiple component systems

Frei Otto
ON THE EVOLUTION OF THE WORLD OF
“FORMS OF LIVING NATURE
Preface
World of forms
The world of forms of non living
nature
The world of forms of living nature
The world of forms of technics
"he First Forms if Living Nature
Relationships
Original form
Fog
Air bubble in water
Oil drop in water
Air bubble
Water bubble with a skin made of
air (antibubble)
Microsphere
Transition to the forms of living nature
Microshell
Budding
Group of forms of microshells
The Forms of Living Nature
Biological cell
The Cell Content
Cell associations
Cell Division
Colonies
Solid associations
Tensile reinforcement
Motor systems
Pneumatic systems
Muscle
Soft Complex Cell Systems
Cell-filled pneus
Cell-filled pneus within a
neu

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Tension rings in cell-filled
pneus
Containers, hollow bodies
Tube systems
Complex systems with motor
elements
Compression reinforcements
Compression reinforcements
inside the cell
Compression reinforcements
outside the cell
The stiffening of entire
organisms
Growth despite hardening
Addition
Edge growth
Ejection
Budding
Moult
Growth of bones
Complex objects with reinforcement:
Complex plant structures
Complex animal structures
Complex motion systems
Shells
inner skeletons
Forms of Motion
Secretions
Dead Bodies, products of living cells
- Building structures of Animals
Remarcs on the world of human Technology

Frei Otto, Eda Schaur, Roberto Raccanello
PICTURES TO EVOLUTION
- Water pneus
Microshell and buds
Fossil cells
Cell
Cell division
Colonies
Associations
lensile reinforcement
Motion systems
Hollow bodies
Tube systems
Pneus within a pneu
Inner bracings
Soft systems
Pressure reinforcements

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Growth despite hardening
Addition
Edge growth
Ejections
Budding
Moult
Growth of bones
Complex objects
Dead bodies
Animal structures
Plate

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210 AUTHORS
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211 LITERATURE
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212 SUBJECT INDEX

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OPEN QUESTIONS

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MISCELLANEQUS
= Thanks for the cooperation and support 311
= Colloquium participants IC

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